#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

/* macro to define length of a city name */
#define N 20

int main (void)
{
	char city[N], city2[N];
	
	printf("Example 1: we read strings using scanf\n");
	printf ("What is the capital of Canada? ");
	/* the string is read with the %s placeholder */
	/* do not use & at front of the array name */
	scanf("%s", city);

	printf("What is the capital of Argentina? ");
	scanf("%s", city2);

	printf("\nHere is the report about what was read\n");
	printf("\nThe capital of Canada is: %s.", city);
	printf("\nThe capital of Argentina is: %s.", city2);
	printf("\n");

	printf("\nExample 2: we read strings using gets\n");
	printf("Warning: the gets function is dangerous and should not be used\n\n");
	printf ("What is the capital of Canada?");
	gets(city);

	printf("What is the capital of Argentina?");
	gets(city2);

	printf("\nHere is the report about what was read\n");
	printf ("\nThe capital of Canada is: %s.", city);
	printf ("\nThe capital of Argentina is: %s.", city2);

	printf("\n");

	printf("\nExample 3: we read strings using fgets(name,size,stdin)\n");
	printf("Warning: fgets keeps the new-line symbol at the end\n");
	printf ("What is the capital of Canada? ");
	fgets(city,sizeof(city),stdin);

	printf("What is the capital of Argentina? ");
	fgets(city2,sizeof(city2),stdin);

	printf("\nHere is the report about what was read\n");
	printf ("\nThe capital of Canada is: %s.", city);
	printf ("\nThe capital of Argentina is: %s.", city2);

	printf("\n");

	printf("\nExample 4: we read strings using fgets(name,size,stdin)\n");
	printf("We will replace the new-line symbol with the null symbol\n");
	printf ("What is the capital of Canada? ");
	/* the string is read with fgets */
	fgets (city, sizeof(city), stdin);

	printf ("What is the capital of Argentina? ");
	fgets (city2, sizeof(city2), stdin);

	/* fgets keeps \n at the end, replace it with \0 */ 
	/* Recall that the strlen function returns the length of 
		the string not counting the null character.  */
	city[strlen(city)-1] = '\0';
	city2[strlen(city2)-1] = '\0';

	/* here is the report */
	printf("\nHere is the report about what was read\n");
	printf ("\nThe capital of Canada is: %s.", city);
	printf ("\nThe capital of Argentina is: %s.\n", city2);

	return (0);
}